Tag Archives: Heart Aerospace

910 ETOPS

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This episode:

  • ETOPS flights could be impacted by the closing of an airport on a tiny South Pacific island.
  • FAA rescinds Cessna Citation single-pilot exemptions.
  • Heart Aerospace unveils the ES-36 hybrid-electric 30-seat regional commercial aircraft and JSX purchase agreement for up to 100 aircraft.
  • A Congressman questions the FAA deployment of the Strategic Management of Airspace Routing Trajectories (“SMART”).
  • The Air Combat Command Accident Investigation Board determined that incorrectly positioned variable vanes caused the F-16 crash in December 2025.
  • A Boeing 737 MAX software glitch could disrupt a navigation feature.
  • Boom Supersonic loses the launch customer for their land-based Superpower stationary powerplant.
  • And pilots are accused of being in a “club” of furry fetishists.

Aviation News

Midway Atoll’s Airport Has No Flights, But Its Closure Could Disrupt Airlines Worldwide

Midway Atoll Airport (MDY) in the South Pacific, also known as Henderson Field, is a public airport on Sand Island. Midway Atoll is a 2.4-square-mile unincorporated territory of the United States. With a 7,800-foot runway, the airport primarily serves as an emergency diversion point for transpacific flights. The DOT estimates that the airport needs at least $100 million to stay certified. The Airline Dispatchers Federation (ADF) opposes closing Midway Atoll Airport because it will affect airline operations across the Pacific.

ETOPS ratings (“Extended-range Twin-engine Operations Performance Standards) apply to twin-engine jets and specify how many minutes a plane is allowed to fly on a single engine to get to the nearest suitable diversion point. The FAA grants approval for each airframe-engine combination and again to each operator, based on its maintenance and dispatch program.

The ETOPS rating process is informal. The FAA grants two separate approvals, one for the design and one for the operator, and both are needed before an airline can fly a route:

Type design approval (Aircraft Certification Service)

The manufacturer shows that a specific airframe-and-engine combination is suitable for extended diversions. It involves:

  • Design and systems review. The FAA assesses ETOPS-significant systems such as fuel, electrical, hydraulic, APU, cargo fire suppression, and pressurization for redundancy and their ability to keep working through the maximum diversion time, including time-limited systems.
  • Propulsion system reliability. Assess in-flight shutdown (IFSD) rates and the engine’s overall service record. For new engine/airframe combinations without an in-service history, an early or accelerated ETOPS relies on design assessment, testing, and a demonstrated reliability program instead of accumulated fleet hours.
  • The Configuration, Maintenance, and Procedures (CMP) document defines the required airplane configuration, maintenance tasks, and operating procedures that an ETOPS-approved airplane must follow.

Operational approval (Flight Standards)

Type design approval doesn’t let any airline fly ETOPS routes. Each operator must be authorized through its FAA certificate-holding district office (CHDO). The airline must show that it can:

  • Maintain the airplane to the CMP standard, with an ETOPS maintenance program, ETOPS-qualified maintenance personnel, and procedures such as verifying critical systems after work and monitoring reliability.
  • Dispatch properly, including selecting ETOPS alternate airports with suitable weather and services, and planning for time-limited systems, fuel, and diversion scenarios.
  • Train crews and dispatchers on ETOPS procedures.
  • Conduct a validation process, which for new operators or new airplane types may include proving or validation flights.

The FAA conducts ongoing oversight and monitors IFSDs and other events that could affect ETOPS. It can restrict or revoke an approval if reliability degrades.

For detailed ETOPS information, including EDTO (Extended Diversion Time Operations), see How Do Planes Fly Over the Pacific? (ETOPS Explained) from Aeruxo – Flight Ops Insights.

FAA Rescinding Cessna Citation Single-pilot Exemptions

The FAA is rescinding exemptions that allow some Part 25-certified Cessna Citation jets to operate with a single pilot. The exemptions date back to 1984 and had been based on a lack of data showing any negative impact. The FAA’s decision is based on an 18-year review indicating that older Citation jets operated by a single pilot have a significantly higher accident rate than other models. Also, investigations revealed issues such as incomplete training records and unauthorized use of training devices among exemption holders.

The ruling is effective September 28, 2026, and affected pilots must operate these aircraft with a qualified second-in-command. Pilots who previously held single-pilot exemptions will lose their privileges. 

The FAA has been issuing single-pilot exemptions for transport-category CE-500 variants for over forty years, starting with Exemption No. 4050 to Cessna in 1984. The eight variants covered are the 500 (Citation and Citation I), 550 (Citation II), S550 (S/II), 552 (Navy T-47A), 560 (V and Ultra), 550 Bravo, 560 Encore and Encore+. The exemptions went to training providers, who issued single-pilot logbook endorsements.

Heart Unveils ES-36 With JSX Order

In Episode 898, our guest was Heart Aerospace co-founder and CEO Anders Forslund. We talked about the ES-30, a hybrid-electric 30-seat regional commercial aircraft the company is developing. Heart just unveiled the 36-seat ES-36 with an additional 1,415 pounds of payload capacity. Maximum takeoff weight and battery capacity remain the same, and the plane now employs two series-hybrid electric powertrains. The changes result from Heart’s experience flying the X1 demonstrator aircraft.

JSX logo.

JetSuiteX, Inc. (or JSX) charters a 30-seat Embraer regional jet that is operated by a subsidiary and then resells seats on that aircraft to the public. It offers point-to-point flights in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Texas, Utah, and Baja California Sur in Mexico. JSX’s agreement converts a 2023 letter of intent into a deposit-backed purchase commitment and secures early delivery positions for the carrier.

See also, press release: Heart Aerospace Unveils ES-36 with JSX Purchase Agreement for Up to 100 Aircraft

Beyer Calls For Suspension Of AI System Deployed By FAA At Washington Area Airports

In a press release, U.S. Representative Don Beyer (D-VA) says, “The FAA should not use my constituents as guinea pigs for an unproven AI air traffic control system.” He was referring to the FAA’s deployment of the Strategic Management of Airspace Routing Trajectories (“SMART”) system to manage flights at Washington area airports.

Beyer cited uncertainty among regional residents about air safety, and the lack of public awareness about the change. Air traffic controllers were also neither consulted nor trained, and airlines “were privately ‘panicking’ about the hasty implementation of this system.” Beyer serves as co-Chair of the bipartisan Congressional Artificial Intelligence (AI) Caucus. His Northern Virginia district includes Ronald Reagan National Airport (DCA).

‘Misaligned’ fan blades, loss of thrust caused Thunderbird F-16 crash

The F-16CM aircraft that crashed on Dec. 3, 2025, in California was powered by a Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-229 turbofan. The pilot was rejoining the formation after a vertical loop/barrel roll sequence when the engine stalled. The pilot described it as “the jet just… stopped midair.” He fought the aircraft for roughly four minutes, then ejected at under 500 ft AGL.

The Air Combat Command Accident Investigation Board [PDF] determined the mishap was caused by three misaligned or turned variable vanes in the engine’s 4th and 5th stages, which caused a 5th-stage compressor blade and a 6th-stage compressor blade to fracture and separate, resulting in catastrophic engine damage at low altitude with no ability to recover.

The aircraft had a documented foreign object damage (FOD) event years earlier (2021, per Common Defense’s reporting) that produced damage in the 1st stage on three separate occasions, plus recovered foreign material at the 4th stage (paracord). Because the visible damage was upstream and nothing was seen in the sections preceding the 5th/6th stage core, that area was never inspected and the investigators concluded the FOD “substantially contributed” to the mishap by leaving a latent path for the vane misalignment to develop undetected.

Photo of engine case cutaway showing the variable vane actuators on the outside of the case. Image by Olivier Cleynen.
Variable vane actuators on the outside of an engine case. Image by Olivier Cleynen.

Boeing flags 737 MAX software glitch: reports

The software glitch identified can prevent pilots from accessing an automated navigation feature when they change their planned flight path after a missed approach. Pilots have been notified, and Boeing is working on a software update.

The Air Current reports that the software issue emerged nearly two years ago. Boeing “was alerted by a customer in November 2024 to the potential issue affecting 737 models with flight management computer (FMC) updates U14 and 14.1… When a pilot alters their preprogrammed flight path following a missed approach, the FMC may transition from vertical navigation (VNAV) mode to a simpler level of automation for pitch control.”

Crusoe abandons $1.25B plan to use Boom turbines at AI data centers

In Episode 874, we looked at Boom Supersonic’s plan to develop the land-based Superpower stationary powerplant as a derivative of its Symphony engine, generating a revenue stream to fund Boom’s other operations. We cited reports that Crusoe Energy, an AI data center startup, had 29 Superpower units on order, valued at $1.25 billion, with delivery expected in 2027.

Crusoe has now announced it will not pursue a deal with Boom. Boom Supersonic CEO Blake Scholl posted on X his congratulations to Crusoe on their latest funding round, and: “Also wanted to let everyone know Crusoe and Boom are no longer launching our Superpower turbine together. The TL/DR is that turbines are no longer part of Crusoe’s near term primary power mix at Abilene/etc., so a launch partnership just didn’t make sense.” Further, “Boom will be delivering about 250MW of Superpowers next year to other sites, and we’re targeting 1GW in 2028.”

Trump ally Tuberville isn’t kidding when he says US pilots are in a ‘club’ of furry fetishists

Senator Tommy Tuberville from Alabama claimed on the Senate floor that “many airline pilots, flight attendants and air traffic controllers are part of the furry community.” The International Anthropomorphic Research Project’s Furscience website says “furries” are an anthropomorphic animal subculture. Members of this group adopt alter egos known as “fursonas” and wear “fursuit” costumes. Tuberville said, “We got a huge mental illness problem in this country, and we need to address it. We need to address it quick.”

The IARP website says, “Furscience is the public face of the International Anthropomorphic Research Project (IARP), studying furries and their fandom and disseminating our evidence-based research to furries, the general public, scholars, and the media to increase understanding and decrease stigma.”

Hosts this Episode

Max Flight, our Main(e) Man Micah, Rob Mark, and David Vanderhoof.

898 Heart Aerospace Hybrid-Electric Regional Aircraft

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The CEO of Heart Aerospace describes the development of a hybrid-electric 30-seat regional commercial aircraft. In the news, a near miss at Boston Logan between a landing Delta Air Lines flight and a departing American Airlines flight, NASA’s Advanced Aircraft Concepts for Environmental Sustainability 2050 (AACES) program, Canada’s purchase of F-35A fighters and possibly Saab Gripens, and Canada’s look at early-warning-radar planes.

Guest

Anders Forslund headshot.

Anders Forslund is the co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Heart Aerospace, formed to electrify short-haul regional aviation. Heart Aerospace is developing the ES-30, a hybrid-electric 30-seat regional commercial aircraft. Heart is currently in upstate New York, testing the X1 demonstrator aircraft, which the company says will be the largest electric aircraft ever to fly. The company is backed by Bill Gates’ Breakthrough Ventures and Y Combinator, as well as operator/investors United Airlines and Air Canada.

Anders explains Heart Aerospace’s mission to lower the cost of air travel and how their clean-sheet Part 25 airliner will achieve about a 40% reduction in overall operating costs. The ES-30 will be an electric-motor-and-turboprop hybrid, while the full-scale X1 prototype is all-electric.

The X1 demonstrator has completed low-speed taxi testing at the company’s X1 flight-test base at Plattsburgh International Airport in upstate New York. First flight is expected shortly, with type certification planned for 2031.

Video: Heart X1 Completes Low-Speed Taxi Testing

Anders tells us about the Heart team and how aerospace development has changed in the last decade. The company strives to manage uncertainty rather than minimize it, holds itself accountable, and sets falsifiable goals.

Before starting Heart, Anders was an aerospace researcher at Chalmers, where he was a driving force behind the Elise-Electric Aviation research project in Sweden, funded by the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova. He spent 2013-2014 at MIT, where his work on geometric variation of aerospace components was awarded the Charles M. Manly Memorial Medal. He is also a founding member of the Nordic Network for Electric Aviation.

Anders has a Ph.D. in Aerospace Product Development and a B.Sc. in Engineering Physics from Chalmers. He has a dual M.Sc. in Astronautics and Space Engineering from Cranfield University and Luleå University, as part of the SpaceMaster program. He is also a member of Prince Daniel’s Fellowship for young entrepreneurs.

Follow Heart Aerospace on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, X, and LinkedIn.

Aviation News

Horrifying Near Miss at Boston Logan as Quick-Thinking Delta Air Pilots Go Around to Avoid Landing On Top of American Airlines Boeing 737

Delta Air Lines flight DL-2351, an Airbus A319 flying from Dallas, was landing at Boston Logan International Airport (BOS), was cleared to land on runway 33L. Moments later, American Airlines flight AA-3161, a Boeing 737-800, was cleared to take off for Charlotte from intersecting runway 27. The pilots repeated the instruction back to the controller, and after about 40 seconds, started the takeoff.

As Delta flight 2351 was about to touch down, the pilots saw the American Airlines plane and executed a go-around. That was followed by the air traffic controller asking the American flight, “American, where are you going?”

Listen to the Incident Audio via @xJonNYC.

BOS airport map.

Electra reveals 100-seat hybrid-electric aircraft concept

Electra developed the concept under NASA’s Advanced Aircraft Concepts for Environmental Sustainability 2050 (AACES) program. NASA has commissioned industry and academia to “develop transformative aircraft designs, propulsion technologies, and sustainability solutions for commercial aviation by 2050.”

Electra’s large airliner concept features a wide “double-bubble” fuselage that generates lift. Propulsion comes from two turbofans under the wings that produce thrust and electricity, as well as three fans mounted on the top of the aft fuselage. Electra says those fans would “ingest and re-energise slower-moving air over the fuselage, a technique known as boundary layer ingestion.”

Other AACES participants include the Georgia Institute of Technology with the Liquefied Natural Gas Powered Athena Aircraft Concept, and JetZero with a hydrogen fueled blended wing body design.

Congress Questions Air Force’s Combat Rescue Readiness As HH-60W Helicopters Get Turned Into VIP Transports

The Senate Armed Services Committee filed S. 4784, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027 (NDAA), which establishes funding levels and authorities for the U.S. military. The 66th annual NDAA supports a total of $1.15 trillion in FY 2027 funding for national defense.

In its report [PDF], the Committee expresses concern “about combat search and rescue (CSAR) force structure in the Air Force. In recent years, the Air Force truncated the buy of HH-60Ws and has since transferred 26 HH-60Ws from units responsible for CSAR operations to the Air Force District Washington (AFDW) to replace H-1 helicopters. AFDW uses these helicopters to support contingency response, homeland operations, and ceremonial honors in the National Capital Region.

“The committee believes that these actions have left CSAR forces unnecessarily short of the forces needed to support CSAR operations in a major contingency. Therefore, the committee directs the Secretary of the Air Force to conduct a study of CSAR requirements and capabilities, including HH-60Ws and HC-130Js, and provide a report and briefing on that study to the congressional defense committees, not later than March 31, 2027.

“Furthermore, the committee directs the Secretary to avoid making any changes in CSAR force structure until the study is completed and he or she has provided the results of that study to the Congress.”

Canada Plans Fleet Surge to 140+ Fighters as Low Cost Gripens Reduce Expenses

According to informed sources, the Royal Canadian Air Force plans to grow its fighter fleet to 140, possibly by purchasing Saab Gripen jets. Canada has planed to purchase 88 F-35A fighters, but that could drop to 70, accompanied by 70 Gripens. Saab offered to establish final assembly, maintenance, and long-term industrial support in Canada. This would transfer technology and intellectual property to Canada. Under the F-35 program, sustainment and software updates are centralized in the United States.

Canada to buy Swedish surveillance plane over US models

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney announced that Canada would not purchase early-warning-radar planes from the United States. Instead, they will purchase Saab’s GlobalEye, which is based on the Bombardier Global 6500 jet, manufactured in Canada. Price and fleet size were not announced. Saab said in a statement that as part of any deal, the company would invest in research and development work in Canada.

Hosts this Episode

Max Flight, our Main(e) Man Micah, Rob Mark, and David Vanderhoof.

781 Astronaut

A veteran NASA astronaut, scientist, and author discusses his journey to becoming an astronaut and his experiences in space. In the news, FAA orders Boeing 737 Max 9 planes grounded, a JAL A350 collides with a Dash-8, seating layout and air rage, American Airlines launches Smart Gating, and JSX plans to buy more than 300 hybrid-electric aircraft.

Guest

Astronaut Tom Jones standing in front of the Atlantis Space Shuttle

Thomas D. Jones is a veteran NASA astronaut, scientist, author, pilot, and speaker. He flew on four space shuttle missions to Earth orbit in more than eleven years with NASA. In 2001, Tom led three spacewalks to install the American Destiny laboratory, the centerpiece of the International Space Station. He has spent fifty-three days working and living in space. Tom has written seven space, aviation, and history books. 

Tom’s latest title is Space Shuttle Stories: Firsthand Astronaut Accounts from All 135 Missions from Smithsonian Books. This book is a comprehensive oral history of the thirty years of the Space Shuttle. Tom collected stories from astronauts across all 135 shuttle missions.

Book cover: Space Shuttle Stories

A Distinguished Graduate of the Air Force Academy, Tom piloted B-52D strategic bombers, earned a doctorate in planetary sciences from the University of Arizona, studied asteroids and robotic exploration missions for NASA, and engineered intelligence-gathering systems for the CIA.

Tom’s awards include the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, four NASA Space Flight Medals, the NASA Exceptional Service Award, the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, the NASA Exceptional Public Service Award, Phi Beta Kappa, the Air Force Commendation Medal, and Distinguished Eagle Scout. Asteroid 1082 Tom Jones is named in his honor. In 2018, Tom was inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame.

Tom served on the NASA Advisory Council and the Association of Space Explorers and the Astronauts Memorial Foundation boards. He consults on the future direction of human space exploration, uses of asteroid and space resources, and planetary defense. A frequent public speaker, he is often seen on-air delivering expert commentary on science and space flight.

For more, see Tom’s website, follow him on Twitter/X at @AstroTomJones, and he’s also on Facebook.

Aviation News

FAA orders grounding of certain Boeing 737 Max 9 planes after Alaska Airlines incident

FAA orders temporary grounding of Boeing 737 Max 9s

A new Alaska Airlines 737 Max 9 lost a plugged rear-aft door as it climbed out from Portland, Oregon. The plane depressurized and immediately returned to the airport. No injuries were reported. The FAA ordered maintenance and safety inspections.

Haneda accident outcome the sum of decades of integrated air safety lessons

What if the Haneda Accident Had Occurred in the US?

A landing Japan Airlines A350-900 collided with a Japan Coast Guard (JCG) Dash 8-300 resulting in the deaths of five members of the JCG and the total loss of the A350. All 368 passengers and 12 crew members of JAL plane evacuated safely.

Class ‘Inequity’ Fuels Air Rage

The “Physical and Situational Inequality on Airplanes Predicts Air Rage” study by Princeton University found that the chance of an air rage incident increased four times when the aircraft had a first-class section. The chance doubles again when boarding economy-class passengers pass through the first-class section.

Smart Gating: How American Airlines Is Using Machine Learning To Reduce Taxi Times By 20%

The American Airlines Smart Gating system is designed to streamline operations, reduce taxiing times, save jet fuel, reduce carbon emissions, and improve operational efficiency. The system uses real-time flight information and assigns aircraft to the closest gate. This can reduce taxiing time by up to 20%. Smart Gating has been deployed across American Airlines’ major hubs.

Video: American Airlines Smart Gating

JSX Plans To Add 300+ Hybrid-electric Aircraft to Fleet

Public charter operator JSX intends to purchase up to 332 hybrid-electric aircraft: 82 Electra nine-passenger eSTOL aircraft (32/50 firm/options), up to 150 Aura Aero 19-seat Era model (50/100), and up to 100 Heart Aerospace 30-seat ES-30 (50/50).

Mentioned

Ramrod to Munster by Stephen C. Ananian [PDF]

Aircraft Accident Investigation (AAI) course, University of Southern California.

The course is designed for individuals who have limited investigation experience. All aspects of the investigation process are addressed, starting with preparation for the investigation through writing the final report. It covers National Transportation Safety Board and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) procedures. Investigative techniques are examined with an emphasis on fixed-wing investigation. Data collection, wreckage reconstruction, and cause analysis are discussed in the classroom and applied in the lab.

Can you spot Max Trescott?

The Journey is the Reward podcast, Episode 60: A Conversation with Capt Jeff of the Airline Pilot Guy.

Hosts this Episode

Rob Mark, Max Trescott, David Vanderhoof, and our Main(e) Man Micah.